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🗓️ 6-Month Backend Developer Study Plan — Python + FastAPI


📅 Month 1 — Python Foundations

🎯 Goals

  • Master Python fundamentals
  • Get comfortable with data structures
  • Learn modules, virtual environments, and package management

🧠 Topics

  • Variables, data types, operators
  • Lists, tuples, sets, dictionaries
  • Loops & conditionals
  • Functions, modules, packages
  • Error handling
  • pip, venv
  • Working with files
  • Basics of OOP

📆 Weekly Breakdown

  • Week 1: Syntax, variables, loops
  • Week 2: Functions, modules, error handling
  • Week 3: Data structures (very important for backend)
  • Week 4: OOP fundamentals + small exercises

🧪 Mini-Project

  • CLI Calculator
  • Todo list in terminal (CRUD with file storage)

📅 Month 2 — Intermediate Python + Essential Backend Skills

🎯 Goals

  • Learn advanced Python concepts
  • Understand backend fundamentals before touching FastAPI

🧠 Topics

  • OOP deep dive (classes, inheritance, composition)
  • Iterators, generators
  • Decorators
  • Context managers
  • typing module
  • Async Python basics (async/await)
  • JSON, HTTP basics, REST, APIs
  • Git & GitHub basics

📆 Weekly Breakdown

  • Week 1: OOP advanced
  • Week 2: Decorators, iterators, generators
  • Week 3: Async Python
  • Week 4: HTTP + REST fundamentals + GitHub practice

🧪 Mini-Project

  • Build an async web scraper
  • Build a small CLI GitHub client that uses APIs

📅 Month 3 — FastAPI Fundamentals + Databases

🎯 Goals

  • Learn FastAPI from scratch
  • Build your first real APIs
  • Connect to databases

🧠 Topics

  • FastAPI basics
  • Request/response models with Pydantic
  • CRUD routes
  • Uvicorn
  • SQL basics
  • SQLModel or SQLAlchemy ORM
  • Alembic migrations
  • Environment variables

📆 Weekly Breakdown

  • Week 1: FastAPI fundamentals
  • Week 2: Pydantic models + CRUD routes
  • Week 3: Databases (PostgreSQL) + ORM (SQLAlchemy/SQLModel)
  • Week 4: Migrations + project structuring

🧪 Mini-Project

  • Build a Task Manager API (FastAPI + Postgres)
  • CRUD, validation, error handling, migrations

📅 Month 4 — Authentication, Security & Advanced Backend Topics

🎯 Goals

  • Implement secure and scalable user management
  • Learn advanced FastAPI features
  • Learn caching and async performance techniques

🧠 Topics

  • JWT authentication with FastAPI
  • Password hashing
  • OAuth2
  • Rate limiting
  • Caching with Redis
  • Background tasks
  • Dependency injection (FastAPI’s killer feature)
  • Middleware
  • Async architecture

📆 Weekly Breakdown

  • Week 1: JWT auth + security fundamentals
  • Week 2: OAuth2 + hashing + roles
  • Week 3: Caching with Redis
  • Week 4: Middleware + Background tasks + DI patterns

🧪 Mini-Project

  • Build a User Authentication API (register, login, refresh token)
  • Add rate-limiting + Redis caching

📅 Month 5 — Testing, CI/CD, Docker & Deployment

🎯 Goals

  • Write maintainable and testable backend code
  • Containerize applications
  • Learn Deployment strategies
  • Automate CI/CD

🧠 Topics

  • Unit tests with pytest
  • Integration tests with FastAPI TestClient
  • Mocking + fixtures
  • Docker basics
  • Docker Compose
  • CI/CD with GitHub Actions
  • Deploying to Railway, Render, or AWS

📆 Weekly Breakdown

  • Week 1: Unit testing + coverage
  • Week 2: Integration + API testing
  • Week 3: Docker + Docker Compose
  • Week 4: CI/CD pipelines + first deployment

🧪 Mini-Project

  • Containerize your previous project
  • Deploy your API to production

📅 Month 6 — System Design, Architecture & Final Portfolio Projects

🎯 Goals

  • Build real-world production-ready applications
  • Learn clean architecture and scalable patterns
  • Prepare portfolio and GitHub showcase

🧠 Topics

  • Clean architecture for Python
  • Repository & service layers
  • Message queues (RabbitMQ / Kafka basics)
  • System design basics
  • Caching strategies
  • Load balancing
  • API versioning
  • Observability: logs, metrics, tracing

📆 Weekly Breakdown

  • Week 1: Clean architecture + project structure
  • Week 2: Message queues + async workers
  • Week 3: Logs, metrics, Prometheus + Grafana
  • Week 4: Build/Finish final portfolio project

🏁 Final Projects (Choose 1–2)

  • E-commerce API (cart, orders, payments, auth)
  • SaaS-style Blog API (roles, tokens, comments, caching)
  • Real-time Chat API (WebSockets + Redis)
  • AI-integrated API (FastAPI + OpenAI API)
  • Fitness Tracking API (JWT, Postgres, background jobs)

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6-Month Backend Developer Study Plan — Python + FastAPI

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